22 Irving Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11237
Built 1931 · 4-story walk-up · 8 apartments
1 immediately hazardous violation open. 14 open in all. On the state's rent-stabilization list for 2024.
- Tenant reviews
- None yetLived here? Reviews open soon.
- Open violations
- 141 · 12 · 1
- Public record
- Updated todayFrom the city’s own data (, 311, the courts), refreshed nightly.
Violations issued each year
| Year | Hazardous | Non-hazardous |
|---|---|---|
| 2022 | 2 | 1 |
| 2023 | 15 | 1 |
| 2024 | 10 | 0 |
| 2025 | 0 | 0 |
| 2026 so far | 3 | 0 |
Plus 45 violations from 2005 to 2021. Counted when issued, whether open or fixed since. Paperwork left out.
See every violation- Found most often since 2022
- Fire and safety equipment 9
- Doors and windows 6
- Leaks and plumbing 6
- Open per apartment
- 1.8 (14 open across 8 apartments)
- Inspector last found a problem
- 19 Mar 2026 (visits that find nothing are not published)
What do these labels mean?Where each of these comes from
- Tenant-reported
- A resident's firsthand account of living here, moderated before it publishes, and labelled with whether we verified they lived there.
- Official violation
- A city inspector visited and recorded a code violation. HPD's own words, and its own hazard class.
- Public complaint
- A complaint somebody made to a city system, through HPD or 311. A report, not a finding: nobody has necessarily inspected it.
- Public filing
- A permit, a registration, a bedbug report: a document the owner filed with the city because the law requires it.
- Court record
- A Housing Court case HPD brought against the owner, or an eviction a city marshal carried out. A court's record: a case is an allegation until it ends in a finding.
- Insufficient data
- Not enough current information here to infer a pattern either way.
Tenant reviews
Tenant-reportedNo tenant reviews yet. Lived here? Be the first.
Nothing above this section came from a tenant. It is all filed by the city, which means it only holds what somebody reported and an inspector wrote down, not what it is actually like to live here.
Not open yet. Reviews open when this neighbourhood does.
Heat season
Last winter (2025–26), the city received heat or hot-water complaints about this building on 4 days.
| Winter | DaysDays with complaints | Complaints | Violations |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2025–26 | 4 | 4 | 0 |
The rules, 1 October to 31 May: from 6am to 10pm, when it is below 55°F outside, the apartment must be at least 68°F; overnight it must be at least 62°F whatever the weather. Hot water must be at least 120°F all year. A tenant without heat can report it to 311.
Rent stabilization
Public filingThe owner registered at least one rent-stabilized apartment here with the state for 2024. The list does not say which apartments, or how many.
Source: Rent Guidelines Board building list, from the state's 2024 registrations. To know about one apartment, a tenant can ask the state for its rent history through Ask HCR.
City violations
Official violationImmediately hazardous1 open
Class C. HPD considers the condition an immediate danger: no heat in winter, no hot water, lead paint where a child lives, a broken lock on the front door. The owner has 24 hours to correct it.
Trace and repair the source and abate the visible mold condition... at ceiling (approx. 5 sq. ft.), south wall (approx. 5 sq. ft.), and west wall (approx. 5 sq. ft.) in the bathroom, 4th story at south original violation 17010633 issued 28-may-24 has been upgraded to class c per administrative code 27-2017.3a(5)(a) or (b).
Issued 28 May 2024Notice of issuance sent to tenant 15 Mar 2026Mold and damp§ 27-2017.3
Hazardous12 open
Class B. A hazardous condition: a leak, mould, a defective floor. The owner has 30 days to correct it.
Properly repair with similar material the broken or defective wood base cabinet in the kitchen, 2nd story at south
Issued 19 Mar 2026Notice sent out 22 Mar 2026Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Properly repair with similar material the broken or defective porcelain enamel glaze at bathtub in the bathroom, 4th story at east
Issued 13 Jan 2026Not complied with 12 Mar 2026Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2005
Remove all encumbrances consisting of household items at public hall, 4th story
Issued 13 Jan 2026Not complied with 12 Mar 2026Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +1
Properly repair with similar material the broken or defective porcelain enamel glaze at bathtub in the bathroom, 4th story at south
Issued 15 Jul 2024Not complied with 12 Mar 2026Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2005
Remove all encumbrances consisting of household item at public hall, 4th story
Issued 21 Jul 2023Not complied with 12 Mar 2026Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +1
Repair or replace the carbon monoxide detecting device(s). defective in the entire apartment, 3rd story at south
Issued 15 Sept 2020First no access to re- inspect violation 19 Mar 2026Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2046.1
Properly repair the source and abate the evidence of a water leak at ceiling in the 1st room from east at north, 3rd story at south
Issued 15 Sept 2020First no access to re- inspect violation 19 Mar 2026Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2026
Repair the broken or defective plastered surfaces and paint in a uniform color at ceiling in the 1st room from east at north, 3rd story at south
Issued 15 Sept 2020First no access to re- inspect violation 19 Mar 2026Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Properly repair the source and abate the evidence of a water leak at ceiling and south wall in the 1st room from east at south, 3rd story at south
Issued 15 Sept 2020First no access to re- inspect violation 19 Mar 2026Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2026
Repair the broken or defective plastered surfaces and paint in a uniform color at ceiling and south wall in the 1st room from east at south, 3rd story at south
Issued 15 Sept 2020First no access to re- inspect violation 19 Mar 2026Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Show all 12Show fewer
Repair the broken or defective plastered surfaces and paint in a uniform color the ceiling in the bathroom, 3rd story at south
Issued 15 Sept 2020First no access to re- inspect violation 19 Mar 2026Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Repair or replace the smoke detector defective in the entire apartment, 3rd story at south
Issued 15 Sept 2020First no access to re- inspect violation 19 Mar 2026Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2045
Non-hazardous1 open
Class A. The least serious band: chipped plaster, a missing cabinet, a peeling ceiling in a hallway. The owner has 90 days to correct it.
Refit the doors at sink base cabinet in the kitchen, 2nd story at south
Issued 14 Jun 2021Not complied with 19 Mar 2026Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2005
63 closed violations, plus 2 closed paperwork filingsShow fewer
Closed means HPD recorded the violation as corrected, or dismissed it. Both appear here, because the difference matters and only HPD’s own status line says which it was.
Abate the infestation consisting of roaches in the entire apartment, 2nd story at south
Issued 14 Jun 2021Violation closed 5 May 2026Pests§ 27-2017.4
Properly repair or replace the broken or defective wooden door at entrance in the 5th room from east at south, 2nd story at south
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Repair the broken or defective connection at waste line under the sink in the kitchen, 2nd story at south
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2026
Abate the nuisance consisting of furniture blocking fire escape window in the 5th room from east at south, 2nd story at south
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +1
Abate the nuisance consisting of air conditioner unit installed on fire escape window in the 5th room from east at north, 2nd story at south
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +1
Refit the entrance door in the 5th room from east at north, 2nd story at south
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Abate the nuisance consisting of lockable door lock installed on entrance door to room with the fire escape window in the 5th room from east at north, 2nd story at south
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +1
Repair the leaky and/or defective faucets at bathtub in the 2nd bathroom from east, 2nd story at south
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2026
Properly repair with similar material the broken or defective porcelain glaze at bathtub in the 2nd bathroom from east, 2nd story at south
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2005
×2Replace or repair the self-closing doors that is missing or defective in the entrance, 2nd story at south
2 issued 14 Jun 2021 to 23 Jun 2021Violation closedFire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +2
Repair the broken or defective plastered surfaces and paint in a uniform color the north wall in the 2nd room from east at north, 2nd story at south
Issued 14 Jun 2021Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Repair the broken or defective plastered surfaces and paint in a uniform color the ceiling and north wall in the 2nd room from east at south, 2nd story at south
Issued 14 Jun 2021Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Properly repair the source and abate the evidence of a water leak at ceiling in the 2nd room from east at south, 2nd story at south
Issued 14 Jun 2021Violation closed 19 Mar 2026Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2026
Trace and repair the source and abate the visible mold condition... at ceiling (approx. 5 sq. ft.), south wall (approx. 5 sq. ft.), and west wall (approx. 5 sq. ft.) in the bathroom, 4th story at south
Issued 28 May 2024Violation closed 13 Mar 2026Mold and damp§ 27-2017.3
Provide glass pane at vestibule door at public hall, 1st story
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 12 Mar 2026Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Abate the nuisance consisting of plexiglass installed at vestibule door at public hall, 1st story
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 12 Mar 2026Doors and windows§ 27-2005 +1
Properly repair or replace the broken or defective counterbalance of lower sash of window at east wall in the 3rd room from north, 4th story at south
Issued 28 May 2024Violation closed 13 Jan 2026Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Properly repair or replace the broken or defective fire rated door in the entrance, 4th story at south
Issued 28 May 2024Violation closed 13 Jan 2026Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Remove all encumbrances consisting of household item at public hall, 1st story
Issued 21 Jul 2023Violation closed 13 Jan 2026Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +1
Paint with light colored paint to the satisfaction of this department at north wall close to the sky light at public hall, 4th story
Issued 21 Jul 2023Violation closed 22 Apr 2025Walls and ceilings§ 27-2013
Properly repair with similar material the broken or defective fire reterdant plaster at north wall close to the sky light. at public hall, 4th story
Issued 21 Jul 2023Violation closed 22 Apr 2025Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Provide handle/knob on exterior side of roof bulkhead door for re-entry into public hall stairs
Issued 28 May 2024Violation dismissed 15 Aug 2024Roof and outside the building§ 27-2005
Properly repair or replace the broken or defective latch set insatlled on boiler room door at basement story
Issued 28 May 2024Violation dismissed 15 Aug 2024Heat and hot water§ 27-2005
Properly repair or replace the broken or defective roof bulkhead door
Issued 28 May 2024Violation dismissed 15 Aug 2024Roof and outside the building§ 27-2005
Properly repair or replace the broken or defective mechanical ventilation system at ceiling in the bathroom, 4th story at south
Issued 28 May 2024Violation closed 15 Jul 2024Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Replace or repair the self-closing doors that is missing or defective latch at boiler room door at basement story
Issued 28 May 2024Violation closed 4 Jul 2024Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +3
Properly repair the broken or defective intercomunication system, 4th story at south
Issued 23 Feb 2022Violation closed 28 May 2024Entry, buzzer and mail§ 27-2005
Repair the leaky and/or defective faucets at bathtub in the bathroom, 4th story at south
Issued 2 Dec 2019Violation closed 28 May 2024Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2026
Properly repair the broken or defective intercom system, 4th story at south
Issued 27 Nov 2017Violation closed 28 May 2024Entry, buzzer and mail§ 27-2005
Install the missing or repair/replace the defective window guard(s) in accordance with the specifications of the new york city health code section 24 rcny chapter 12. wg to install = 2; wg to replace = 0; wg to repair = 4; in the entire apartment, 2nd story at south
Issued 28 Jul 2023Violation closed 17 Feb 2024Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2043.1
Properly repair the source and abate the evidence of a water leak at ceiling in the private hallway, 2nd story at south
Issued 23 Jun 2021Violation closed 1 Aug 2023Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2026
Repair the broken or defective plastered surfaces and paint in a uniform color ceiling in the private hallway, 2nd story at south
Issued 23 Jun 2021Violation closed 1 Aug 2023Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Repair the broken or defective plastered surfaces and paint in a uniform color west wall in the 1st room from north at west, 2nd story at south
Issued 23 Jun 2021Violation closed 1 Aug 2023Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Properly repair the broken or defective door entrance closet in the private hallway, 2nd story at south
Issued 23 Jun 2021Violation closed 1 Aug 2023Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Abate the infestation consisting of vermin flies in the entire apartment, 2nd story at south
Issued 23 Jun 2021Violation closed 1 Aug 2023Pests§ 27-2017.4
Properly repair the source and abate the evidence of a water leak at north wall in the 2nd room from east at north, 2nd story at south
Issued 14 Jun 2021Violation closed 1 Aug 2023Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2026
Repair or replace the carbon monoxide detecting device(s). defective, 2nd story at south
Issued 14 Jun 2021Violation closed 1 Aug 2023Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2046.1
Abate the nuisance consisting of chain with padlock at west yard gate obstructing egress to street yard
Issued 10 Jan 2023Violation closed 23 Jul 2023Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +1
Properly repair with similar material the broken or defective masonary treads 2nd and 3rd up from bottom at east yard, building front
Issued 26 Oct 2022Violation closed 23 Jul 2023Roof and outside the building§ 27-2005
Repair the leaky and/or defective faucets at wash basin in the bathroom, 4th story at south
Issued 23 Feb 2022Violation dismissed 8 May 2022Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2026
Dept. rules and regulations. remove the encumbrance obstructing egress from fire escapes consisting of flower pots on 3rd and 4th story balconies at stack on north exterior wall
Issued 15 Jun 2021Violation closed 23 Feb 2022Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +1
Replace with new the broken or defective ceiling light fiixture switch (west wall) in the 2nd room from east at north, 4th story at south
Issued 2 Dec 2019Violation closed 23 Feb 2022Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Repair the broken or defective connection waste pipes at sink in the kitchen, 4th story at south
Issued 2 Dec 2019Violation closed 23 Feb 2022Leaks and plumbing§ 27-2026
Properly repair with similar material the broken or defective ceramic tiles, at 1st intermediate landing at public hall stairs, 1st story
Issued 27 Nov 2017Violation dismissed 28 Feb 2018Floors and stairs§ 27-2005
Properly repair with similar material the broken or defective marble tread, 1st from bottom of 2nd intermediate landing at public hall stairs, 1st story
Issued 27 Nov 2017Violation dismissed 28 Feb 2018Floors and stairs§ 27-2005
Replace with new the missing sliding wood door at closet at east wall in the 3rd room from east at south, 2nd story at south
Issued 15 Jun 2015Violation closed 28 Jun 2016Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Refit sliding doors at closet at east wall in the 4th room from east at north, 2nd story at south
Issued 15 Jun 2015Violation closed 28 Jun 2016Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Abate the nuisance consisting of scalding hot water in the kitchen, 1st story
Issued 11 Feb 2016Violation closed 24 Feb 2016Heat and hot water§ 27-2005 +1
Properly repair the broken or defective window, 1st from north, so it closes in the 1st room from east at north, 4th story at south
Issued 23 Nov 2015Violation closed 18 Jan 2016Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Properly repair the broken or defective counter balance, lower sash, window in the 1st room from east, 4th story at north
Issued 28 Oct 2015Violation closed 23 Nov 2015Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Properly repair the broken or defective counter balance, lower sash at window in the 1st room from east at north, 4th story at north
Issued 28 Oct 2015Violation closed 23 Nov 2015Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Repair the broken or defective plastered surfaces and paint in a uniform color at west and south walls in the 2nd room from east at south, 2nd story at south
Issued 15 Jun 2015Violation closed 4 Sept 2015Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Repair the broken or defective plastered surfaces and paint in a uniform color at south wall in the foyer, 2nd story at south
Issued 15 Jun 2015Violation closed 4 Sept 2015Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Repair the broken or defective plastered surfaces and paint in a uniform color at north wall in the 3rd room from east at south, 2nd story at south
Issued 15 Jun 2015Violation closed 4 Sept 2015Walls and ceilings§ 27-2005
Paint with light colored paint to the satisfaction of this department at ceiling in the 2nd room from east at south, 2nd story at south
Issued 15 Jun 2015Violation closed 26 Aug 2015Walls and ceilings§ 27-2013
Abate the nuisance consisting of mice in the entire apartment, 2nd story at south
Issued 15 Jun 2015Violation closed 22 Jul 2015Pests§ 27-2018
Install the missing or repair/replace the defective window guard(s) in accordance with the specifications of the new york city health code section 24 rcny chapter 12. wg to install = 9; wg to replace = 0; wg to repair = 0; in the entire apartment, 2nd story at south
Issued 15 Jun 2015Violation closed 22 Jul 2015Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2043.1
Properly repair the broken or defective bell- buzzer intercom, 2nd story
Issued 21 Sept 2010Violation closed 25 Jun 2015Entry, buzzer and mail§ 27-2005
Abate the nuisance consisting of defective counter balance at the lower sash of the window to the fire escape in the 1st room from north, 4th story at north
Issued 3 Oct 2013Violation closed 17 Jun 2015Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005 +1
Properly repair the broken or defective spring balance top and bottom sash windows in the entire apartment, 4th story
Issued 11 Aug 2005Violation closed 17 Jun 2015Doors and windows§ 27-2005
Fire escape defective. replace with new the broken, defective and/or missing metal tread 14th up from 2nd sty balcony at fire escape at north
Issued 31 Jan 2014Violation closed 19 Feb 2014Fire and safety equipment§ 27-2005
Abate the nuisance consisting of mice, 2nd story
Issued 21 Sept 2010Violation closed 26 Sept 2013Pests§ 27-2018
79 violations on record in total, 14 of them open. The count at the top of this page counts habitability violations only.
Complaints to the city
Public complaintComplaints are reports made to the city. They are not confirmed findings. They come from HPD and from 311, and the same problem can appear more than once if more than one neighbour called.
15 complaints in three years, 11 of them in the last twelve months.
- Heat and hot water4 / 4
- Walls and ceilings2 / 3
- Floors and stairs2 / 2
- Leaks and plumbing1 / 2
- Noise1 / 2
- Electrical1 / 1
- Doors and windows0 / 1
Last twelve months / last three years. The solid part of each bar is the last twelve months.
Court records
Court recordHousing Court cases
Cases the city’s housing department (HPD) brought against the owner, usually to force repairs or restore heat. A case is an allegation; where the court recorded an outcome, it is shown.
No HPD Housing Court cases on record for this building.
Evictions
Residential evictions carried out by a city marshal since 2017. Most follow a case for unpaid rent, so a count here is not by itself a finding about the building or the landlord. We show how many, never which apartment.
No marshal evictions recorded at this building since 2017.
Filings
Public filingBuilding permits
No DOB permits filed for this building in the last five years.
Annual bedbug report
Every multiple dwelling in New York must file this once a year. A report of zero infested units is good news. No report is not: failing to file is itself a violation.
- 2026No infested units reported (2024 report)
Show 8 earlier reportsShow fewer
- 2026No infested units reported (2024 report)
- 2025No infested units reported (2023 report)
- 2025No infested units reported (2023 report)
- 2024No infested units reported (2023 report)
- 2023No infested units reported (2022 report)
- 2023No infested units reported (2021 report)
- 2021No infested units reported (2020 report)
- 2021No infested units reported (2019 report)
Ownership and management
Public filingAssociations come from registration records and may be incomplete. Owners register with HPD once a year, so a change of hands can go unrecorded for a full cycle.
Registered managing agent
RISEBORO COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP
Public records list RISEBORO COMMUNITY PARTNERSHIP as the registered managing agent for this address as of 7 Oct 2025. Source: HPD registration.
Other buildings listed under this agent (57 in the records we hold, 10 shown)
- 273 Linden Street63 open violations · no reviews yet
- 869 Hart Street56 open violations · no reviews yet
- 561 Knickerbocker Avenue51 open violations · no reviews yet
Show 7 moreShow fewer
- 149 Starr Street41 open violations · no reviews yet
- 306 Grove Street37 open violations · no reviews yet
- 835 Hart Street35 open violations · no reviews yet
- 324 Harman Street31 open violations · no reviews yet
- 174 Stockholm Street27 open violations · no reviews yet
- 302 Jefferson Street27 open violations · no reviews yet
- 316 Jefferson Street27 open violations · no reviews yet
No combined rating for this agent yet. A portfolio rating needs at least 5 verified reviews across 2 or more buildings; currently 0.
Owner of record
IRVING STOCKHOLM HDFC
Public records list IRVING STOCKHOLM HDFC as the owner of record for this address as of 7 Oct 2025. Source: HPD registration.
Other buildings listed under this owner (9 in the records we hold)
- 273 Linden Street63 open violations · no reviews yet
- 302 Jefferson Street27 open violations · no reviews yet
- 316 Jefferson Street27 open violations · no reviews yet
Show 6 moreShow fewer
- 299 Jefferson Street26 open violations · no reviews yet
- 244 Stockholm Street23 open violations · no reviews yet
- 308 Grove Street15 open violations · no reviews yet
- 246 Stockholm Street10 open violations · no reviews yet
- 304 Jefferson Street6 open violations · no reviews yet
- 312 Grove Street5 open violations · no reviews yet
No combined rating for this owner yet. A portfolio rating needs at least 5 verified reviews across 2 or more buildings; currently 0.
Wrong company, wrong date, or a change that is not reflected here? Report a correction.
What to ask at the viewing
22 Irving Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11237
Drawn from this building’s record above. They are questions, not conclusions: the point is to find out, in the twenty minutes you get inside, what the public record cannot tell you.
- The city currently has one open immediately-hazardous violation on this building. Ask which apartment it concerns, whether it has been corrected, and when HPD re-inspects.
- There were 4 heat or hot-water complaints here in the last twelve months. Ask who handles heat, how quickly it is usually restored, and whether the boiler has been replaced.
- There is 1 open mould violation on record. Ask to look behind furniture and under sinks, and ask what was done the last time; a repaint is not a repair.
- The owner has filed a bedbug report for this building (most recently for the year ending 2026). Ask when the building was last treated, how often an exterminator comes, and whether treatment covers the whole line of apartments or only the one that complained.
- Ask what the deposit is, exactly what can be deducted from it, and how and when it comes back.
- Ask who to call when something breaks, what happens after hours and at weekends, and how long a repair normally takes.
Ask for anything that matters in writing; an email after the viewing is enough. We are not your lawyer and this is not legal advice.
Questions about this building
Yes. HPD lists 14 open housing violations: 1 immediately hazardous, 12 hazardous and 1 non-hazardous. Paperwork filings, such as a late registration, are not counted.
Since 2022, HPD inspectors have written the most violations here for fire and safety equipment (9), doors and windows (6) and leaks and plumbing (6).
On 19 Mar 2026. HPD only publishes inspections that found something, so a later visit that found nothing would not show here.
The owner registered at least one rent-stabilized apartment here with the state for 2024. The list does not say which apartments. A tenant can ask the state for an apartment's rent history to be sure.
In the 2025–26 heat season the city received heat or hot-water complaints on 4 days, and HPD issued 0 heat violations.
No residential evictions by a city marshal are recorded here since 2017.
Not yet. Reviews come from people who lived here, and none has been published for this building.
BBL 3031660036 · Block 3166, Lot 36 · Building class C1
